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Environmental disclosure has steadily become a crucial indicator of long-term sustainability, corporate accountability, and transparency, especially in sectors like pharmaceuticals that are sensitive to environmental issues. Because of the possible environmental effects of its emissions, waste production, energy use, and resource utilization, the pharmaceutical industry in India is subject to growing regulatory pressure and stakeholder scrutiny. In order to evaluate the breadth, consistency, and calibre of environmental reporting, the current study looks at and contrasts the environmental disclosure policies of two prominent Indian pharmaceutical companies, Cipla Limited and Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Limited. A structured Environmental Disclosure Index (EDI),designed to capture environmental disclosure’s quantitative and qualitative components, is used in this study. Emissions, energy use, waste management, water management, biodiversity initiatives, and compatibility with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the six main dimensions covered by the index. For the four-year period from FY2020–21 to FY2023–24, secondary data was gathered from publicly accessible sources such as annual reports, sustainability and CSR reports, and Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reports (BRSR). A paired t-test is used to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the disclosure procedures of the two companies, and descriptive statistics and graphical presentation are used to detect disclosure patterns over time. According to the results, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories and Cipla Limited both exhibit a comparatively high degree of dedication to environmental reporting, especially when it comes to waste management, energy efficiency, and regulatory compliance. The research does, however, also point out some clear gaps in disclosure, particularly in the areas of comprehensive carbon footprint reporting and biodiversity conservation initiatives. While both organizations’ aggregate disclosure scores indicate an upward trend throughout the course of the study, variances between disclosure categories point to different strategic focus and reporting goals. This study adds firm-level evidence from the Indian pharmaceutical industry to the body of knowledge on corporate environmental disclosure.
Environmental Disclosure, Sustainability Reporting, Pharmaceutical Industry, India, Environmental Disclosure Index (EDI).
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