Volume 10 : Issue 10.2 (2023)

Teaching Strategies, Challenges and Prospects of Online Teaching and Learning: A Literature Review

Online learning has emerged as an alternative or supplement to access educational content outside a traditional classroom setting. Online learning and teaching have become an inseparable part of the education system after the advent of Covid-19. This was the time when every institution was struggling for continuing the process of teaching and learning during this pandemic and online transaction was thought to be the only solution for it. Despite many hardships, the educational institutes managed to somehow accelerate the teaching-learning process. In this context the challenge is to design appropriate systems that will provide and enable appropriate teaching-learning systems that could realize the identified goals of the teaching and learning process. Currently if we think of the education system technology is playing a central and important role. This has provided teachers and students with an opportunity to use modern technologies and platforms in the teaching-learning process and enhances learning in all avenues. The environment of an online learning classroom is different from traditional classroom and the teacher and learner face new challenges in this context. This review-based paper reflects upon various issues such as online teaching strategies, challenges, and prospects related to online teaching and learning in educational institutions. It also provides an overview of the various factors that contribute to the effective adoption of online teaching and learning.

Online Teaching and Learning, Teaching Strategies, Challenges, Prospects, collaboration

Agarwal, S., and Kaushik, J. S. (2020). Student’s Perception of Online Learning during COVID Pandemic. Indian J. Pediatr. 87 (7), 554. doi:10.1007/s12098- 020-03327-7 Bhartiya, P. (2021). The Emergence of Online Education in India, K12 Digest. https://www.k12digest.com/the-emergence-of-online-education-in-india- 2/#:~:text=The%20concept%20of%20online%20education,to%20the%20insufficient%20tec hnological%20advancements. Baker, R. (2010). Examples of scaffolding and chunking in online and blended learning environments. Social Science Research Network. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1608133 Bryman, A. (2012) Social research methods. Oxford: Oxford university press. Chadha, A. (2017). Comparing student reflectiveness in online discussion forums across modes of Instruction and levels of courses. Journal of Educators Online, 14(2). Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1150706.pdf Carter, L., Hanna, M., & Warry, W. (2016). Perceptions of the impact of online learning as a distance-based learning model on the professional practices of working nurses in Northern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology,42(3), doi:10.21432/T2Q90M Cheng, G., and Chau, J. (2016). Exploring the relationships between learning styles, online participation, learning achievement and course satisfaction: An empirical study of a blended learning course. British Journal of Educational Technology, 47(2), pp. 257– 278. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12243 Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. Freeman, S., Eddy, S., McDonough, M., Smith, M., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 111(23),8410–8415. doi:10.1073/ pnas.1319030111 Garrison, D., & Anderson, T. (2003). E-Learning in the 21st century: A framework for research and practice. London, UK: Routledge Falmer. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203166093/learning-21st- century-randy-garrison Green, B., & Hope, A. (2010). Promoting clinical competence using social media. Nurse Educator, 35(3), 127–129. doi:10.1097/ NNE.0b013e3181d9502b Gurung, S. (2021). Challenges faced by teachers in online teaching during covid-19 pandemic, The online journal of Distance Education and e-Learning, 9(1),8-18. https://tojdel.net/journals/tojdel/articles/v09i01/v09i01-02.pdf Hunt, A. M. (2015). Blended Online Learning in Initial Teacher Education: A Professional Inquiry into Pre-service Teachers’ Inquiry Projects. Journal of Open, Flexible and Distance Learning, 19(2), pp. 48–60. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1082893.pdf Kim, M., & Hannafin, M. (2011). Scaffolding problem solving in technology-enhanced learning environments (TELEs): Bridging research and theory with practice. Computers and Education, 56(2), 403–417. doi:10.1016/j. compedu.2010.08.024 Kowalczyk, N. (2014). Perceived barriers to online education by radiologic science educators. Radiological Technology, 85(5), 486–493. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24806051/ Kara, N. (2021). Enablers and Barriers of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of an Online University Course. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 18, Article 11. https://doi.org/10.53761/1.18.4.11 Lestari, P. A. S., and Gunawan, G. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Learning Implementation of Primary and Secondary School Levels. Indonesian J. Elem. Child. Educ. 1 (2), 58–63. https://journal.publication- center.com/index.php/ijece/article/view/141 Mishra,L., Gupta,T., and Shree, A. (2020). Online teaching-learning in higher education during lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic, International Journal of Educational Research Open. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100012 Moore, R. (2014). Importance of developing community in distance education courses. Tech Trends 58(2), pp. 20-25. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1040302 Mills, J. (2015). A Conceptual Framework for Teaching Statistics from a Distance. The Journal of Effective Teaching. Vol. 15(1), pp. 59-68.https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1060441.pdf Munich, K. (2014). Social support for online learning: Perspectives of nursing students. International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education, 29(2), 1–12. Retrieved from http://ijede. ca/index.php/jde/article/view/891/1565 Pedro, A. Willging & Scott, D. Johnson, (2009). Factors that Influence Students' Decision to Drop out of Online Courses, Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 8(4), pp.115-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24059/olj.v13i3.1659 Peisachovich, E. (2016). Succeeding on the Canadian NCLEX-RN: Incorporating experiential learning approaches in the education of internationally educated nurses. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 6(7), 101–108. doi:10.5430/ jnep. v6n7p101 Robles, M., & Braathen, S. (2002). Online Assessment Techniques. The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, Vol, XLIV No. 1 Winter 2002. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264869212_Online_Assessment_Techniques Rogo, E., & Portillo, K. (2015). e-Model for online learning communities. Journal of Dental Hygiene, 89(5, 293–304. Retrieved from http://jdh.adha.org/content/89/5/293.full Singh, R, & Tiwari, S. (2021). Online Learning as Future Transition of Education in Indian Prospect. Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(1), 63-72. https://www.gyanvihar.org/journals/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Online-Learning-As- Future-Transition-Of-Education-In-Indian-Prospect-converted.pdf Sarkar, S. (2020). A brief History of Online Education, Admas University, Kolkata, West Bengal. https://adamasuniversity.ac.in/a-brief-history-of-online-education/ Sharoff, L. (2011). Integrating YouTube into nursing curriculum. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 16(3). doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol16No03PPT03 Sharoff, L. (2019). Creative and innovative online teaching strategies: facilitation for active participation Journal of Educators Online,16(2),DOI:10.9743/JEO.2019.16.2.9 Sharma,S. (2021).To Study on Impact of The Online Learning/Teaching on The Students of Higher Education, Research Report. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17153.58727 Sarah Sabir Ahmad, Mhd Azmin Mat Seman, Azfahanee Zakaria (2021). The Challenges Faced by Educators in Online Teaching during the Covid-19 Pandemic Outbreak, Journal of English Teaching Adi Buana,6(2),125-133. https://jurnal.unipasby.ac.id/index.php/jet/article/view/4355/3287 Saghafi, M. R., Franz, J. and Crowther, Ph. (2014). A Holistic Model for Blended Learning. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 25(4), pp. 531-549. https://core.ac.uk/download/33496646.pdfSwan, K., and Shih, L. (2014). On the nature and development of social presence in online course discussions, Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 9 (3), 115-136. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284807142_On_the_nature_and_developmen t_of_social_presence_in_online_course_discussions Sun, A., and Chen, X. (2016). Online Education and its Effective Practice: A Research Review. JITE: Research 15, 157–190. doi:10.28945/3502 Warschauer, M. (2003). Technology and social inclusion [electronic resource]: rethinking the digital divide / Mark Warschauer. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, c2003. Retrieved from http://proxy1.ncu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=tru e&db=cat01034a&AN=nu.10225286&site=eds-live Wu, S. Y. (2021). How Teachers Conduct Online Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Taiwan. Front. Educ. 6:675434. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2021.675434